![]() |
PLEASE PIN - Christian vegan, Genesis 1:29 and vegetarianism |
Does Genesis 1:29 teach vegetarianism? Should Christians be vegan? If so, how does a believer reconcile that with the animal sacrifices which God commanded, and with the apostle Peter’s vision regarding clean and unclean animals in the book of Acts?
There is some debate, and often a lot of confusion, around the topic, and not just between Bible literalists and their counterparts. So I thought it pertinent to examine the subject from a few angles.
Breaking down Genesis 1:29.
“And God said, ‘See, I have given you every herb that yields seed which is on the face of all the earth, and every tree whose fruit yields seed; to you it shall be for food [Genesis 1:29, NKJV].”
If we were to take that literally, it would seem that, indeed, the ideal human diet as dictated by our Creator is not just a vegetarian diet, but a vegan one.
However, if you read my post about the first chapter of Genesis, you know that the early chapters of the first book of Genesis were written in figurative language. Though parts may be based in actual history, the individual verses were never intended to be interpreted literally. So it’s safe to say that the same goes for the verse in question.
Let’s take its section of the verse and see what biblical scholars have to say about it.
Then God said…
The phrase emphasizes divine authority while reminding us of the creative power of God’s word. Or, as it were, God’s Word [see John 1:1].
In other words, pay attention to what’s coming, because the Big Man is about to say something!
“Behold, I have given you…
“Behold” is meant to draw attention to the significance of the proceeding words, “I have given you.” It emphasizes God’s provision and generosity.
…every seed-bearing plant on the face of all the earth…
“Every seed-bearing plant” represents the abundance and variety of God’s provision. “Seed-bearing” points to the reproduction process, showing that God’s provision of food for us will be continual and lasting.
The phrase, “all the earth” depicts that this provision is meant to be universal, indicating how God cares for all of His creation.
…and every tree whose fruit contains seed.
Again, the word “seed” takes precedent, highlighting God’s abundance, as well as the natural order which He established. The food He is giving to humans is such that it will continually propagate itself, ensuring the humanity will never go hungry.
A deeper meaning is that God will supply whatever we need, when we need it, as the apostle Paul stated in Phillipians 4:19.
They will be yours for food.”
And here is where the debate comes in. Did God declare that human’s ideal food should come from the plant world only? Or is this statement merely an emphasis of the earlier symbolism?
But if the rest of the verse is merely symbolic, it’s odd that it would end with such a pragmatic statement. It’s worded almost like a command, such as, “Honor your father and your mother,” or, “You shall not steal.”
Let’s look at both sides of the Christian vegetarian argument and see if we can’t come to some kind of consensus.
The first side: Genesis 1:29 commands veganism.
If you take the verse literally, God is not only commanding people not to eat animal flesh. He is also commanding people not to eat any food of any kind that comes from an animal.
Some Christians believe that, despite any symbolism, the verse is meant as a dietary guideline. Humans are supposed to eat only seed-bearing plants and seed-bearing fruits.
But the pro-vegan argument goes deeper than that, adding nuance that begs examination from anyone who claims to care about God’s creation.
An article on the all-creatures website begins with a discussion of the dominion which God bestowed upon humanity in Genesis 2. Our dominion, the author insists, was never intended by God to be tyrannical. Instead, God entrusted people with stewardship.
“We should remember in our dealings with animals that they are a sacred trust to us from our heavenly Father,” the author adds, quoting another writer. From the beginning, people were meant to care for animals, while animals in turn provided service for us – service that does not include food.
This is an interesting take, as the strictest vegan believe that human beings should not be using animals for any purpose – not for pets, not for clothing, not for transportation. Then again, strict vegans tend not to have any belief in the Bible, as the author of the all-creatures article does.
Moving on, the author goes onto make a plea for a new understanding of the word “dominion.” It doesn’t refer to taking control over animals without regard for their intrinsic value and their feelings (mammals, and perhaps even reptiles and birds, have them). In addition, she prescribes a literal interpretation of the verse, stating that Genesis 1:29 establishes a vegan diet for humans, and that in the next verse, establishes the same for all animals.
She’s rather vague about why the worldwide flood and/or human’s depravity made God reluctantly concede to some apparent new need or desire for people to eat animal flesh. She does, however, make a salient point about how most livestock raised for food are treated today, discussing the cruelty and unsustainability of factory farms.
If you’re a Christian and the love of God dwells within you, choosing to consume meat from animals who are basically tortured either before or while in the process of providing food for you is sin. It is not how God intended for us to “take dominion” over animals.
And in my opinion, whatever else you think about the author’s literal interpretation of the verse, her conclusion isn’t far off base:
“While eating meat is not prohibited, it represents a complete break from God’s ideals of animals and humans living peacefully together, as depicted in the Garden of Eden.”
More pro-vegetarian Bible verses.
Genesis 1:29 is far from the only Scripture that intimates that God’s ideal world is one in which no living beings kill another.
**In Genesis 1:31, “God saw all that He had made, and it was very good.” The implication is that the peacefulness of all nature living in harmony was His original design.
**Isaiah 11:6-9 contains the famous lines predicting a day when predator and prey will live in peace and harmony: “The wolf will live with the lamb, the leopard will lie down with the goat, the calf and the lion and the yearling together; and a little child will lead them.
“The cow will feed with the bear, their young will lie down together, and the lion will eat straw like the ox.
“The infant will play near the hole of the cobra, and the young child put his hand into the viper’s nest.
“They will neither harm nor destroy on My holy mountain.”
The verse is repeated in a succinct form in chapter 65, verse 25.
When God repeats something, He’s calling special attention to it.
**Psalm 104 illustrates God’s care for the animals that He created. As beings created in His image, we are to care for them as well.
**In Matthew 6:26, Yeshua reiterates this concept in His famous sermon on the mount, where He points out how our heavenly Father cares for even the smallest birds.
The Christian vegan explanation of God’s post-Flood meat-eating permission.
Beyond the Creation story, the biblical account of a worldwide flood is another part where literalists and non-literalists sharply disagree. But that many other cultures have, for thousands of years, passed on their own stories of an epic flood indicates that it might be rooted in fact.
Let’s say it did all happen just as God inspired the author(s) of Genesis to record. In that case, after the disaster, when the waters had subsided, God did, indeed, give humans permission to eat the flesh of dead animals.
Or… did He?
In another article on the all-creatures.org website, the writer explains that Genesis 9:2 has been translated from the Hebrew incorrectly. “Everything that lives and moves will be food for you,” the NIV translation states, making it sound as if God is giving humans permission to eat animals as well as plants.
But the author of the article points out that the Hebrew word translated into “Everything that lives and moves” is, in the English alphabet, remes. That word does not refer to animals generically.
It refers specifically – only – to reptiles.
I know. Disgusting, right?
Except… God wasn’t telling Noah to eat turtles, snakes and lizards. He told him that He was giving them to humans for food. What potential food do reptiles produce a lot of?
Eggs.
The author explains that God certainly couldn’t have been commanding Noah and his family to kill animals for food, because there were either only two or seven of each species at that time! But also, at this point very few plants exist on Earth, so if God doesn’t allow Noah and his family to eat something other than a diet of plants, they will all starve.
I have greatly simplified the article for brevity’s sake, so I encourage you to read it in its entirety here to get the full understanding. It contains further word study, as well as a compelling commentary on the entirety of Genesis 9.
The Christian vegan perspective on animal sacrifice.
Some theologians – not necessarily vegan ones – dispute the common belief that in the book of Leviticus, God is commanding the Israelites to sacrifice. In the culture of the day, religions of all kinds practiced animal sacrifice. If God made any commands at all, some say, they were commands that limited the number of sacrifices compared to the wanton killing of the pagan rituals.
Why not just command them not to sacrifice? Why not tell them it wasn’t necessary to please Him, that following His commands was enough?
I’ve thought about that question a lot lately as I’ve been studying the beginning of the Bible like I never have before. The uncharitable answer I have is that people back then were uncivilized, their cultures primitive. Besides being entrenched in that ancient Middle Eastern culture, they had not yet developed their consciences to the point where they could see that animals deserved to live as much as they did. Nor could they understand that a god would allow them to sin and not require a sacrifice.
Think about it: now when you mess up, all you have to do is accept the forgiveness that Yeshua’s sacrifice gained for you on the cross. In fact, Jewish animal sacrifice ceased the day that Yeshua was raised from the dead! So if it can be that way now, why not back then?
My non-verified, repetitive answer: the people were not capable of being reasoned with in that way.
Yes, the slaughter of the Passover lamb was a picture of how Yeshua would one day give Himself up so that death would pass us by. But why were all the other animal sacrifices necessary?
Many Jewish and Christian vegans believe simply that they weren’t.
I’m not saying I have the last word on that, but I believe it’s worth contemplating.
The flip side: The case for Christian meat-eating.
I’m going to make this part brief, because most believers have been taught for centuries to take a literal interpretation of most of the Old Testament books following Genesis. Most have been – apparently erroneously – taught that after the Flood, God gave humans permission to eat meat.
What does the New Testament say about eating meat?
As I already mentioned, Acts 10:9-16 recounts a vision that the apostle Peter had. Our Lord, trying to get him to realize that He wanted Gentiles to receive salvation as well, instructed him not to consider any kind of meat as unclean. In the Old Testament, God had listed several types of animals that were considered “unclean,” animals that we now know can be unhygienic for various reasons.
This story along with the passages in First Corinthians 8, where the apostle Paul reassures his flock that it’s okay to eat meat offered to idols as long as their conscience doesn’t smite them for doing so, are used as “proof” be meat-eating Christians that God doesn’t care if we kill animals for food.
And though there is evidence that some early Christians believed that killing animals for food was not God’s ideal, it was probably a small faction. Some Christian vegans claim that Yeshua Himself from eating meat. Though I have to say that the idea of the Lamb of God consuming the lamb at the annual Passover dinner strikes me as strange, He is depicted three times in the Gospels as sharing fish with others.
A real vegan wouldn’t do that.
Nor would they tell a story in which a father cooks veal for his long-lost son come home (Luke 15:11-32).
What do Bible commentaries say about Genesis 1:29?
In Ellicott’s Commentary for English Readers, the author suggests that the food God gave to humans was superior to that which God gave to animals, signifying that “man is thus from the first pointed out as of a higher organization that the animal.”
The commentator points out the usual that animals were given over to man for food after the Flood, emphasizing the fact that God having covered Adam and Eve with animals skins after the fall, God obviously wasn’t against killing animals.
The Pulpit Commentary provides a more ambiguous interpretation of the issue, showing that the ethics of people killing animals for food isn’t necessarily inherent in the text.
The author quotes a scholar named Murphy: “Of two things proceeding from the same creative hand, neither has any original or inherent right to interfere in any way with the other. The absolute right to each lies in the Creator alone….”
The author of Pulpit Commentary also notes that God conveying only plant food to humans might have been a tool to keep the first people “mindful of his dependent condition.”
He also points out that though there has been some belief that early humans likely ate animal flesh, as God did not expressly forbid it, Genesis 9 elucidates that before the Flood, regular consumption of meat must have been rare.
That, of course, depends on a literal interpretation of Genesis.
The author adds, “Almost all nations have traditions of a golden age of innocence, when men abstained from killing animals.”
As with the Great Flood, then, the idea seems to be based in history more than in mythology.
Take-aways regarding Genesis 1:29 and diet
- Even if the whole of the beginning of Genesis was written figuratively, there is likely historical basis in the symbolism and beliefs.
- Yeshua didn’t come to teach nutrition. He was also a product of His own culture, which thrived on a mix of fish and plant food.
- Archeology provides hearty evidence that the earliest humans ate a 100% plant diet.
- Science overwhelmingly shows the health benefits of eating mostly plants over eating mostly meat. No one ever got healed of heart disease on a high-meat diet.
- We are not to judge other people based on what they eat, because we are all on a different journey.
- We are, however, as children of God to be conscientious about how we treat the rest of His creation.
- None of us can say for sure whether God originally bestowed a vegan diet upon people for their sustenance. Not while we’re here.
So eat according to your conscience and common sense, and stop dissing those who disagree with you.
You might be the one who’s wrong.😜
(For more inspiring content like this, you can follow this blog if you have a Google account, bookmark this blog, follow my blog on Goodreads, and/or check out the books in the sidebar.)